[1]
A low-pass filter is qualitatively characterized by an increase of output activation that, when excited by a constant stimulus, asymptotically approaches a given output value.
[2]
I.e., a body with redundant degrees of freedom arranged in both parallel and serial order.
[3]
Note that the term simulation is used here in two different ways. “Internal simulation” enables the agent to simulate behaviors internally, i.e. without actually performing them in reality. Simulation of an animal addresses the construction of an artificial agent. The agent may take the form of a software simulation or a hardware simulation (i.e., a physical robot).
[4]
This article comprises an essential extension of an earlier paper (Cruse & Schilling 2013).
[5]
The term representation is used here in the broad sense of Steels (1995) “physical structures (for example electro-chemical states) which have correlations with aspects of the environment”.
[6]
An integrator performs a mathematical integration, i.e., it sums the input over time.
[7]
There are various views adopting a monist approach, that differ in detail (epiphenomenalism, emergentism, property dualism and their many derivatives, see Vision 2011). We will not enter into this discussion here.