The Ongoing Search for the Neuronal Correlate of Consciousness1 Introduction2 The state of the art in cognitive neuroscience: A paradigm shift2.1 Classical views 2.2 Observations forcing an extension of classical views2.3 Persisting explanatory gaps 2.4 What neuroscientists believe3 Contributions of neuroscience to philosophy3.1 An epistemic caveat3.2 The contribution of neuroscience to epistemology3.3 The sources of a priori knowledge3.4 Examples illustrating the influence of priors on perception3.5 Conclusion of the excursion into epistemology4 The contribution of the neurosciences to theories of consciousness4.1 An attempt to define the explanandum4.2 Conscious versus subconscious processing4.3 Some competing hypotheses about the NCC 4.4 The formation of functional networks by temporal coordination4.5 A prediction relating long-range synchronisation to consciousness4.6 Methodological caveats in the search for the NCC4.7 Evidence relating long-range synchronization and consciousness4.8 Conclusions on putative mechanisms supporting consiousness5 Arguments supporting an adaptive value of conscious processing5.1 Evolutionary considerations5.2 Functional considerations6 Consciousness as a social phenomenon6.1 Is the hard problem resolvable by considering cultural rather than only biological evolution?7 Culture-specific, epigenetic shaping of brains and the concept of tolerance8 Concluding remarks